The Canadian Oxford dictionary defines “occupation” as being a “person’s temporary or regular employment, a business, calling or pursuit”. Back in 2001, an average of nearly 6 million Ontarians were working in hundreds of different occupations – personal support workers, hair stylists, web designers, sales reps, teachers, dental hygienists, technicians, plumbers, machinists or construction workers, just to name a few occupational types. Whether working full or part-time, for a company or self-employed, the labour market offers a wide variety of career choices. Over time, however, the number and types of jobs available to workers change, due to changes in the population and the economy. Among the influencing the demand for workers and the types of skills and occupations needed in the labour market are the following:
Demographics - Population characteristic, such as age, gender and cultural background can determine the demand for various products and services. A younger population requires more schools and therefore more teachers; an older population requires more health services and supports, therefore more doctors and nurses. As well, some occupations have a greater proportion of older workers who may soon retire, creating vacancies/opportunities.
Technology – Technological innovations in the production, distribution and sale of goods and services play a key le in both the types of jobs available and the skills that are needed. The increased use of computers in the workplace and in everyday life creates demand for systems analysts, computer programmers and technicians. Technological discoveries have created many new occupations, however it has also reduced the demand for secretaries, clerk typists and file clerks.
Consumer Behaviour - People’s needs change over time, depending on how much money they have, their changing tastes and the amount of leisure time they have. For example, ecotourism is a relatively recent phenomenon. Developing and operating tourist attractions and accommodations has created may jobs in a large number of occupations such hotel attendants, managers, tour guides and recreation consultants.
Economic Growth - A growing economy means more people are working and have more money to spend. Companies respond to increased business activity by investing to expand further to meet customer demands. Increased international trade also contributes to economic growth. As a result, new jobs are created across a wide range of occupations.
To capitalize on the labour market it is necessary to consider these factors when you are planning your career path. Develop your skills and education being mindful of the changes in people, population and trends.
